マルクス・デュルケーム・ウェーバー
Athro-Theory and Big three
brothers, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber
マルクス・デュルケーム・ウェーバー
Athro-Theory and Big three
brothers, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber
第４章
4. Theory and Practice to Change the World -- Answer True or False to each statement.
1 English industrialists and government leaders found it difficult to
suppress the Luddite rebellion because rebels carried out uncoordinated
, individual acts of sabotage against factory machinery.
2 In "standing Hegel on his head," Marx rejected the dialectical notion
of change through contradiction while advancing the idea that
historical change occurs at the level of ideas and beliefs.
3 Because Marx was an active participant in the Russian revolution of
1917, it can be said that the collapse of the Soviet Union effectively
repudiates and refutes Marx's ideas.
4 For Marx, exploitation under capitalism meant that all employers treat their workers with abuse or injustice.
5 According to Marx, the central contradiction in capitalism exists
between consumption and production. Workers produce more than they are
able to consume, leading to factory closures, rising unemployment, and
deepening poverty.
6 According to Marx, class consciousness among workers would occur as
skill differences among them are reduced to the least common
denominator (the ability to operate machinery) , and as employers
reduce wages in the pursuit of lowered production costs.
7 The New Deal reforms introduced by FDR were strongly supported by US
business leaders as a means of preserving the basic outlines of a
capitalist economy.
8 According to dialectical materialism, a society's belief systems
(ideology) and social relations Quridico-political structure) derive
their basic character from that society's mode of production, or
material base.
9 According to Marx's evolutionary scheme, under communism, conflicts
between social classes would finally disappear, leading the state to
"wither away" as unnecessary.
10 Hegemony refers to a condition in which the dominant beliefs in a
society represent that social order as "right" or natural, and
therefore prevent people from challenging the political, economic, and
social conditions of their lives.
第５章
5. Heirs to Order and Progress -- Answer True or False to each statement.
1 Durkheim's notion of mechanical solidarity- that people in
"primitive" societies are largely alike in their personalities and
outlooks - is a viewpoint widely accepted among modern anthropologists.
2 Like Franz Boas, but unlike most nineteenth-century social thinkers,
Durkheim believed that race was not a determinant of one 's behavior.
3 Durkheim believed, like Marx, that an increasingly complex division
of labor in modern industrial society would lead to growing conflict
between classes.
4 The primary function of social facts, Durkheim argued, is to make collective life possible by promoting social solidarity.
5 Durkheim's views of religion were conditioned by the fact that, like
many generations of his family before him, he was a practicing Rabbi.
6 Suicide was most likely in Protestant societies such as Sweden rather
than Catholic countries such as Italy or Spain, Durkheim believed,
because the Catholic Church taught that the practice was a mortal sin.
7 Weber subscribed to a naturalistic orientation, which tried to
account for the desires and beliefs of individuals based on the
specific social and historical context in which they lived.
8 According to Weber, Protestantism developed primarily because a
rising bourgeoisie (capitalist class) wanted to free itself from the
restraints of the Catholic church on money lending.
9 Although Weber disagreed with Marx over the origins of capitalism, he
agreed with him that the primary source of conflict in modern society
was between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.
10 Anthropologists who have studied messianic religious movements, such
as the Native American Ghost Dance or Melanesian Cargo Cults, have
drawn more heavily from the ideas of Durkheim than from Weber.
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